Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE) Assay
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mainly refers to an effect in the body, which is caused by pathogen infection. In 1964, Hawkes and his team from the Australian National University first put forward the hypothesis of "antibody-dependent enhancement of infection" in arboviruses and named it ADE. ADE showed that virus replication was promoted rather than inhibited in low concentrations of immune serum. At present, a variety of viruses have been found to have ADE effects, such as Ebola virus, West Nile virus, dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, and rabies virus.
ADE effect is essentially an antibody-dependent enhancement effect, which means that when the body is infected by pathogens, the original neutralizing antibody not only can not prevent the virus from invading human cells but can interact with Fc receptors or complements to invade mononuclear macrophages, granulocytes, etc., enhancing the replication of the virus in the body and causing serious pathological reactions.
The exact mechanism of the ADE effect has not been clarified so far, but it is generally believed that the increase of virus infection rate is mostly mediated by the Fc receptor pathway to promote the uptake of virus antibody complex by target cells. Understanding the mechanism of ADE, identifying the antigenic determinants associated with ADE in the virus, and modifying them will help to develop a more safe and effective vaccine. In addition, since it has been shown that ADE depends on both antibody concentration and neutralization characteristics, it is important to evaluate the impact of antibody responses induced by a certain immunization regimen on ADE.
ADE assay and its in vitro experiments can be used as a benchmark for careful evaluation of new generation vaccines or targeted drugs. More importantly, the ADE effect is essentially part of the immune regulation of the body, and a clear understanding of its mechanism may provide an opportunity and direction for the research and development of new drugs for infectious diseases with clear pathogen infection.
Creative Diagnostics offers comprehensive services for ADE assay. We use flow cytometry, plaque assay or qPCR method to evaluate the ADE effect of test articles on virus infection in Fc receptor bearing cells.
Our Procedures
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Our Features
- We have established stable cell lines that express Fc gammaRIIA.
- We will use a proper approach including flow cytometry, plaque assay, or qPCR to evaluate your test articles.
- We use a known concentration of purified enhancing and isotype antibodies for internal control.
- Each plate contains untreated and uninfected controls to control the variability across plates.
- We optimized the analysis using 96-well plates to reduce the volume of test materials required. This in turn allows parallel neutralization tests and/or multiple replicates to improve robustness.
Our Capabilities
We combine infection and analytical expertise to provide our clients with the most powerful portfolio of antiviral and antimicrobial in vitro testing services. Facing an increasing demand for new antiviral and antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases, Creative Diagnostics can test these compounds in vitro to determine their potential efficacy in vivo models.
